ABSTRACT
Abstract Aims: The objective was to estimate the prevalence and the factors of behaviors of provocation and control of the weight associated with dissatisfaction with the body image among adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 580 adolescents (11 to 17 years old) from Criciúma, Brazil. The body image was evaluated by the silhouettes scale and the behaviors of provocation and weight control by questionnaires. A multinomial logistic regression was used (p ≤ 0.05). Results: Of the total number of adolescents, 48.6% were dissatisfied with being overweight (male 47.9%, female 49.3%) and 22.9% dissatisfied with thinness (male 23.8%, female 22.1%). Male adolescents who were dissatisfied with being overweight were more likely to be joked and laughed at because of their appearance and lower chances of being nicknames due to their size or body weight, while those who were unsatisfied with being thin were more likely to joke and laughter because of the appearance, compared to satisfied. Female adolescents who were dissatisfied with being overweight were more likely to be laughed at because they were uncoordinated and without food for 24 h, while those who were unsatisfied with being thin were less likely to be joking and laughing because of their appearance and higher chances to be the targets of laughter because they are uncoordinated, compared to those that are satisfied. Conclusion: The dissatisfaction with body image was associated with different behaviors of provocation and weight control according to sex.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Body Image , Adolescent Health , Body Weight Maintenance , Life Style , Cross-Sectional Studies/instrumentation , Adolescent BehaviorABSTRACT
Nutritional assessment and support are often overlooked in the critically ill due to other urgent priorities. Unlike oxygenation, organ dysfunction, infection, or consciousness, there is no consensus of indicators. Making it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention. Nevertheless, appropriate nutritional support in the critically ill has been associated with less morbidity and lower mortality. But, nutritional support has been considered an adjunct, for body weight maintenance and to help patients during the inflammatory phase of illness. Thus, it has been assigned a lower priority, compared to mechanical ventilation or hemodynamic stability. Recent findings have shown that nutritional support may prevent cellular injury due to oxidative stress and help strengthen the immune response. Large-scale randomized trials and clinical guidelines have shown a shift from nutritional support to nutritional therapy, with an emphasis on the importance of protein, minerals, vitamins, and trace elements. Nutrition is also important in neurocritically ill patients. Since there are few studies or recommendations with regard to the neurocritical population, the general recommendations for nutritional support should be applied.
Subject(s)
Humans , Body Weight Maintenance , Consciousness , Consensus , Critical Illness , Hemodynamics , Minerals , Miners , Mortality , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Requirements , Nutritional Support , Oxidative Stress , Oxygen , Respiration, Artificial , Trace Elements , VitaminsABSTRACT
Obesity has become a common healthcare problem worldwide. Cilia are tiny hair-like organelles on the cell surface that are generated and anchored by the basal body. Non-motile primary cilia have been considered to be evolutionary rudiments until a few decades, but they are now considered as important signaling organelles because many receptors, channels, and signaling molecules are highly expressed in primary cilia. A potential role of primary cilia in metabolic regulation and body weight maintenance has been suspected based on rare genetic disorders termed as ciliopathy, such as Bardet-Biedl syndrome and Alström syndrome, which manifest as obesity. Recent studies have demonstrated involvement of cilia-related cellular signaling pathways in transducing metabolic information in hypothalamic neurons and in determining cellular fate during adipose tissue development. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about cilia and cilia-associated signaling pathways in the regulation of body metabolism.
Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue , Alstrom Syndrome , Bardet-Biedl Syndrome , Basal Bodies , Body Weight Maintenance , Cilia , Delivery of Health Care , Energy Metabolism , Hedgehogs , Metabolism , Neurons , Obesity , Organelles , Wnt Signaling PathwayABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the influence of socio-demographic characteristics in the self-care of people with heart failure (HF). Method: Cross-sectional, analytical study, held in three private hospitals in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, with 57 hospitalized patients. The data were collected through a demographic characterization form and a self-care assessment scale and were analyzed with inferential statistics, using mean comparison tests. Results: Self-care was best assessed in people with higher education level, higher household income and in a relationship. Conclusion: The socio-demographic characteristics influenced seven self-care practices: dietary control; monitoring of body weight; effort in labor activities; knowledge about HF; up-to-date vaccination record; leisure activities; and family and social support network with strong bonds. The higher prevalence of answers indicating satisfactory self-care practices among the patients occurred in the areas of health promotion and tolerance to stress.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Averiguar la influencia de las características sociodemográficas en el autocuidado de personas con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC). Método: Estudio transversal, analítico, realizado en tres hospitales privados de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, con 57 pacientes internados. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de formulario de caracterización sociodemográfica y de escala de evaluación del autocuidado y fueron analizados con estadística inferencial, utilizando pruebas de comparación de promedios. Resultados: El autocuidado fue mejor evaluado en personas con mayor escolaridad, renta familiar más alta y con pareja. Conclusión: Las características sociodemográficas influenciaron siete prácticas de autocuidado: el control dietético; el monitoreo del peso corporal; el esfuerzo en la actividad laboral; el conocimiento sobre la IC; el esquema de vacunación actualizado; las actividades de ocio; y la red de apoyo familiar y social con vínculos fuertes. La mayor prevalencia de respuestas indicativas de las prácticas de autocuidado satisfactorias entre los pacientes ocurrió en los ámbitos de la promoción de la salud y de la tolerancia al estrés.
RESUMO Objetivo: Averiguar a influência de características sociodemográficas no autocuidado de pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca (IC). Método: Estudo transversal, analítico, realizado em três hospitais privados de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, com 57 pacientes internados. Os dados foram coletados por meio de formulário de caracterização sociodemográfica e de escala de avaliação do autocuidado e foram analisados com estatística inferencial, utilizando-se testes de comparação de médias. Resultados: O autocuidado foi melhor avaliado em pessoas com maior escolaridade, renda familiar mais alta e companheiro. Conclusão: As características sociodemográficas influenciaram sete práticas de autocuidado: controle dietético; monitoramento do peso corporal; esforço na atividade laboral; conhecimento sobre a IC; esquema vacinal atualizado; atividades de lazer; e rede de suporte familiar e social com vínculos fortes. A maior prevalência de respostas indicativas de práticas de autocuidado satisfatórias entre os pacientes ocorreu nos domínios de promoção da saúde e tolerância ao estresse.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Self Care , Socioeconomic Factors , Heart Failure/psychology , Social Support , Brazil , Exercise/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Vaccination/methods , Vaccination/psychology , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Health Literacy/standards , Body Weight Maintenance , Heart Failure/therapy , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the frequency of weight control behaviors (WCBs) and their correlation with body mass index (BMI) and weight-based self-evaluation. Methods: Data were collected by the Brazilian Internet Study on Temperament and Psychopathology (BRAINSTEP) from 27,501 volunteers (30.4% men, mean age 28.9±8.7 years). Results: The most prevalent WCBs for men and women were exhaustive physical exercise and prolonged fasting, respectively. Frequent exhaustive physical exercise was the only behavior more often adopted by men. BMI was positively associated with WCBs, which were very frequent in obese subjects. About 15% of normal-weight women reported using diuretics and laxatives, and 12.2% reported vomiting as a WCB at least occasionally. Among subjects who regarded body weight highly in their self-evaluation, there was a strong positive association with all WCBs, at similar degrees, in both genders. Compared to those who never base their intrinsic personal value on body weight, those who frequently base intrinsic value on body weight were at 25-30 times higher risk of inducing vomiting. Conclusion: The prevalence of participants adopting WCBs was high, especially in women and obese subjects. Weight-based self-evaluation was more strongly associated with WCBs than BMI.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Body Image/psychology , Health Behavior , Feeding and Eating Disorders/epidemiology , Body Mass Index , Diagnostic Self Evaluation , Brazil/epidemiology , Exercise/psychology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/psychology , Sex Factors , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Fasting/psychology , Body Weight MaintenanceABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate a parent involvement intervention for childhood obesity intended to increase parents' skills in managing children's weight-related behavior and to improve child-parent relationships. Many studies reported on parental influence on childhood obesity, emphasizing parent involvement in prevention and management of childhood obesity. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Forty-two parents of overweight/obese children were recruited from four cities and randomized to the experimental group or control group. The parental intervention was provided only to parents in the experimental group and consisted of weekly news-letters and text messages for a period of 5 weeks. Exercise classes and nutrition education were provided to all children. Lifestyle Behaviour Checklist and the Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS) were used for measurement of parent outcome. For the child outcome, dietary self-efficacy, exercise frequency, and body mass index were measured. A mixed-design analysis of variance was performed with city location entered as a random effect. RESULTS: After the intervention, CPRS of parents and dietary self-efficacy of children showed an increase in the experimental group (p < .05). Intervention effects differed significantly according to the city location regarding the control efficacy of parents and dietary self-efficacy of children (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The results support the effectiveness of the parent involvement intervention in promoting child-parent relationship and dietary self-efficacy of children. However, a 5-week parent involvement intervention was not sufficient to produce significant changes in children's body mass index. Further research is needed to investigate effects of parent involvement intervention with long-term evaluation.
Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Attitude to Health , Body Weight Maintenance , Diet Therapy/psychology , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Health Promotion/methods , Parent-Child Relations , Parenting/psychology , Parents/psychology , Pediatric Obesity/prevention & control , Republic of KoreaABSTRACT
Este artigo de revisão narrativa da literatura aborda questões referentes à manutenção do emagrecimento e sua relação com as crenças de autoeficácia, tanto de pacientes obesos quanto com sobrepeso, sob o viés da psicoterapia cognitivo-comportamental. A manutenção da perda de peso é um dos estágios mais importantes e mais difíceis enfrentados pelas pessoas que almejam manter o emagrecimento. Portanto, este artigo busca entender de que forma a sensação de competência pessoal interfere na manutenção do emagrecimento, já que grande parte das pessoas que tenta emagrecer readquire o peso em até um ano depois. Autoeficácia pode ser definida como a confiança na capacidade de organizar e executar determinadas ações. A conclusão é de que as crenças de autoeficácia interferem diretamente na manutenção do peso e seu monitoramento, portanto seu desenvolvimento e reestruturação também devem ser foco de atenção dos psicoterapeutas e pacientes que tem por objetivo terapêutico o emagrecimento e manutenção do mesmo.(AU)
The following article addresses issues related to the maintenance of weight loss and its relation with self-efficacy beliefs in both obese and overweight patients under the bias of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy. The maintenance of the weight loss is one of the most important as well as the most difficult stages faced by people that aims to maintain the weight loss. Therefore, this article seeks to understand how the sense of personal competence interferes with the maintenance of weight loss, giving that numbers of people who try to lose weight end up to getting fat after one year. Self-efficacy can be defined as the confidence in the own ability to organize and perform certain actions. The conclusion is that self-efficacy beliefs directly interfere in the maintenance of weight and it is continued checking, therefore its development and restructuration should be a focus of the work of psychotherapists and patients whose therapeutic goal are weight loss and maintenance.(AU)